Alloy & Carbon Steel

Chemical Composition

Element	Min	Max
Carbon, C	0.35	0.45
Manganese, Mn	0.45	0.70
Silicon, Si	0.10	0.35
Nickel, Ni	1.3	1.8
Molybdenum, Mo	0.20	0.35
Chromium,Cr	0.90	1.40
Sulfur, S	-.--	0.5
Phosphorous, P	-.--	0.5

Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Tensile strength	745 MPa	108000 psi
Yield strength	470 MPa	68200 psi
Bulk modulus (typical for steel)	140 GPa	20300 ksi
Shear modulus (typical for steel)	80 GPa	11600 ksi
Elastic modulus	190-210 GPa	27557-30458 ksi
Poisson's ratio	0.27-0.30	0.27-0.30
Elongation at break	0.22	0.22
Reduction of area	0.5	0.5
Hardness, Brinell	217	217
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness)	240	240
Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness)	95	95
Hardness, Rockwell C (converted from Brinell hardness. Value below normal HRC range, for comparison purposes only)	17	17
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness)	228	228
Machinability (annealed and cold drawn. Based on 100 machinability for AISI 1212 steel.)	50	50

Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Thermal expansion co-efficient (20°C/68°F, specimen oil hardened, 600°C (1110°F) temper	12.3 µm/m°C	6.83 µin/in°F
Thermal conductivity (typical steel)	44.5 W/mK	309 BTU in/hr.ft².°F

Features

Heat Treatment

Tempering

Hardening

Normalizing

Soft Annealing

Forging